Anti-Human/Mouse/Rat Glycophorin A – APC

Membrane preparation from splenic hairy cell leukemia

This Allophycocyanin (APC) conjugate is formulated in 0.01 M phosphate buffered saline (150 mM NaCl) PBS pH 7.4, 1% BSA and 0.09% sodium azide as a preservative.

This Allophycocyanin (APC) conjugate is stable when stored at 2-8°C. Do not freeze.

Red Laser (650nm)

JC159 activity is directed against human, mouse, and rat glycophorin A and strongly labels normal erythroid cells at all stages of differentiation from precursor normoblasts to mature red blood cells. In erythroleukemia, blast cells are strongly labeled. JC159 does not react with glycophorin B.

Glycophorins are transmembrane proteins of red blood cells (RBC)¹ . There are four glycophorin encoding genes (A, B, C, and D), and a fifth pseudogene (E), which has no protein product. Glycophorin A, B, and E are tandemly arranged repeats on chromosome 4 and are prone to rearrangements that lead to rare blood groups. Glycophorin A and B carry MN and Ss blood group antigens.

Glycophorin A is a type I glycoprotein carrying sialylated O- and N-glycans, and most of the O-glycans are NeuAcα2-3Galβ1-3(NeuAcα2-6)GaINAc-tetrasaccharide chains linked to serine or threonine residues ² . The abundance of glycophorin A on the surface of RBCs is thought to create a negatively charged cell surface of complex glycans that allows for RBC circulation without sticking to other cells or blood vessel walls¹ .

Glycophorin A binds CD170 ³ (Siglec 5, which mediates sialic-acid dependent binding to cells⁴), influenza virus, and EBA-175, the erythrocyte binding antigen of Plasmodium falciparum, the parasite responsible for malaria in Africa ² . Babesia divergens, which like Plasmodium is a parasite in the Apicomplexa phylum, also uses glycophorins A and B to enter RBCs. Other pathogens that bind to glycophorin A on the surface of RBCs include: some strains of Escherichia coli, reoviruses (a group of viruses that includes rotavirus), encephalomyocarditis virus, and hepatitis A ² . Glycophorin A also interacts with influenza virus but because influenza virus cannot replicate in anucleated RBCs glycophorin A might be acting as a decoy receptor to divert infection away from other tissues.

JC159 was generated using splenic hairy cell leukemia cells as immunogen and reacts with a formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded resistant epitope, likely between amino acids 27 and 40, on the extracellular domain⁵.

Glycophorin A (CD235a) is expressed on hematopoietic stem cells, erythroid cells, and erythrocytes. Erythroleukemia can express glycophorin A on neoplastic erythroblasts.

P02724

1 Hollox EJ, Louzada S. 75(3):201-206. 2023.
2 Jaskiewicz E, Jodłowska M, Kaczmarek R, et al. Parasit Vectors. 12(1):317. 2019.
3 https://apps.vetmed.wsu.edu/tkp/report.aspx?ID=311
4 https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/O15389/entry
5 Erber WN, McLachlan J, Cordell JL, et al. Hematology Reviews and Communications. 5(2):113-120. 1991.
6 Tommila M, Stark C, Jokilammi A, et al. J Mol Cell Biol. 3(3):190-196. 2011.
7 Sadahira Y, Kanzaki A, Wada H, et al. J Clin Pathol. 52(12):919-921. 1999.
8 Sutherland DR, Keeney M, Illingworth A. Cytometry B Clin Cytom. 82(4):195-208. 2012.