PNPP Microwell Alkaline Phosphatase (AP) Stabilized Substrate One Component

pNPP Microwell Alkaline Phosphatase (AP) Stabilized Substrate One Component

Product No.: P162

[product_table name="All Top" skus="P162"]

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Product Type
Substrate and Assay Reagents
Applications
ELISA
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Microwell

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Product Details

Storage and Handling
Store at temperatures between 2-8ºC. The substrate performance has been shown to be within specifications following 5 freeze-thaw cycles, however freezing is not recommended. The substrate should be protected from direct light by storing in amber bottles. Only high quality glass and plastic products should be used for storing aliquots.
Country of Origin
USA
Shipping
Next Day Ambient
Expiration Date
Stable for a minimum of 48 months from the manufactured date when properly stored between 2-8ºC.

Description

Background
pNPP Alkaline Phosphatase Microwell Substrate (p-nitrophenylphosphate) is a soluble substrate used with the enzyme alkaline phosphatase designed for various qualitative or quantitative immunoassays but not recommended for membrane or immunohistochemical applications where a precipitating reaction product is required. The substrate is supplied as a one component ready to use solution. Initially the substrate should be colorless to pale yellow in appearance. When this substrate system is reacted with alkaline phosphatase, a soluble, yellow product is obtained.
Directions for Use
pNPP Alkaline Phosphatase Microwell Substrate is a ready to use solution that needs no preparation or dilution. Pour estimated amount of substrate into a suitable high quality plastic reservoir to avoid contamination of the bulk solution. It is recommended that you allow the substrate solution to equilibrate to room temperature before use. While the pNPP solution is equilibrating, wash the microplates thoroughly to remove excess alkaline phosphatase labeled conjugates. Washing the plates at least four times is recommended to minimize background noise.

For immunoassay microwell applications 100 – 200 μl of substrate solution is added to each well producing a soluble, yellow product. For best results, sample OD values should be monitored and read before absorbance values exceed 2.0 OD units. The substrate reaction can be stopped using 50 μl of pNPP Stop Solution (Leinco Prod. No.: P227) or 50 μl of 3N NaOH per 200 μL of substrate. Sample OD values are read, with or without the addition of stop solution, in the 405-420nm range. Dilution of the substrate is not recommended. To reduce the intensity of a reaction, it is recommended that the antibodies or conjugates be diluted. This substrate is light sensitive and should be protected from direct sunlight or UV sources.
Each investigator should determine their own optimal working dilution for specific applications. See directions on lot specific datasheets, as information may periodically change.
Troubleshooting
 
Problem Possible Causes Possible Solutions
High Background Noise · Insufficient plate blocking Step · Use a blocking step prior to the application of the primary antibody. Normal Serum (5% v/v) from the same species as the host of the second antibody generally produces the best results.
· Additional blocking agents for ELISA are:
a. 0.05% TWEEN 20 in 50 mM TBS, pH 8.0.
b. 1% BSA containing 0.05% TWEEN 20 in 50 mM TBS, pH 8.0.
c. 3% nonfat-dried milk in 0.01 M TBS (Do not use milk as a blocking agent when using avidin-biotin systems)
· Insufficient plate washing · Add 0.05% TWEEN 20 in all washing and antibody diluent buffers
· Increase number of washes
· Concentration of primary antibody and/or alkaline phosphatase conjugate is too high · Adjust the titer of the primary antibody and/or the alkaline phosphatase conjugate to determine the optimal working dilutions.
· Non-specific secondary antibody binding · Run control wells without the primary antibody to check for non-specific reactivity of the secondary antibody/alkaline phosphatase conjugate.
No/Low Signal · Capture antibody did not bind to plate · Evaluate coating conditions and standardize
· Increase coating time
· Increase coating concentration
· Change plate type to high binding
· Increase coating timeContaminated buffers or incorrect solutions · Repeat assay with fresh buffers and solutions
· Not enough reporter antibody used · Increase concentration of alkaline phosphatase labeled secondary antibody
· Enzyme conjugate has expired · Determine if the enzyme conjugate is active by mixing a small sample of substrate and conjugate together in a test tube.
· Insufficient substrate incubation and/or temperature · Increase the substrate incubation time or temperature.
· Insufficient amplification · Consider using an amplifying system such as avidin-biotin.

Related Protocols

Elisa Sandwich Protocol
Microwell
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Disclaimer AlertProducts are for research use only. Not for use in diagnostic or therapeutic procedures.